Health experts are urging caution after new research linked a common type of dietary supplement to increased risks of serious health problems, including heart disease.
As autumn and winter approach, many people turn to vitamins and supplements to support their immune systems. According to the BBC, more than 74% of Americans and nearly two-thirds of people in the UK regularly take dietary supplements.
While supplements can be beneficial when used correctly, doctors continue to warn that overuse or long-term unsupervised use can cause harm.
For example, excessive vitamin D intake over time can lead to hypercalcaemia, a condition where calcium builds up in the blood, potentially damaging bones, kidneys, and the heart. In another recent case, a woman in the U.S. reportedly came close to liver failure after unintentionally overdosing on turmeric supplements.
The Latest Concern: Soft-Gel Capsules
The newest warning focuses on soft-gel capsule supplements—the smooth, flexible pills many people find easier to swallow.
These capsules are typically made from gelatin, water, and a plasticiser such as glycerin or sorbitol. The concern lies in the plasticisers, which may contain phthalates—a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible.
Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with hormone systems. Research has linked them to a range of potential health issues, including:
- Increased inflammation
- Hormonal imbalance
- Insulin resistance
- Reproductive and developmental effects
- Higher risk of cardiovascular disease
Some researchers have referred to heart disease linked to chronic inflammation as a “silent killer” because symptoms can develop unnoticed for years.
Dr. Evan Levine, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai, told the Daily Mail that phthalates can increase inflammation, which is a key risk factor for heart disease.
Craig Russell, a pharmacy lecturer at Aston University, explained that assessing phthalate safety is complex because phthalates are not a single chemical, but a large family with different properties and risks. He also noted that exposure comes from many everyday sources, such as vinyl flooring, perfumes, air fresheners, and household plastics.
Why Supplements Deserve Extra Attention
While phthalates used in medicines are regulated, dietary supplements are often sold over the counter and taken without medical supervision. This makes it easier for people—especially those who take multiple supplements daily—to unknowingly increase their exposure.
Experts stress that soft-gel capsules may not be the largest source of phthalates overall, but they are still worth paying attention to, particularly for:
- Pregnant women
- Children
- People taking many supplements long-term
What Experts Recommend
- Avoid unnecessary supplements
- Follow recommended dosages carefully
- Consult a healthcare professional before long-term use
- Consider alternatives to soft-gel capsules when possible
- Remember that “natural” does not always mean risk-free
The takeaway isn’t to panic or stop all supplements—but to use them thoughtfully, sparingly, and with medical guidance when needed
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